History and mathematician inventor of the numbers 1 through 0

At this time, the figure is something that is very important for human life. For example, a calendar date, the nominal value of the money, and lots more. Can you imagine how the world when there are no numbers? Definitely everything is going to be very messy and disorganized. But, how does the history of the emergence of these figures? Who are the figures in the history of influence in mathematics?

developments figures

The possibility of human begins counting after the language is evolving. When the fingers are the most natural calculators. That is why the calculation system that we use today use based on the number 10. To find evidence of history, carved in stone or wood is the most natural solution. From the evidence of history, the earliest count system consists of repetitive symbols, each of which consists of ten, followed by repetition of symbols for one. For example in the figures used today such as 1 to 10, then 11 (symbol number one repeated at number eleven as a marker symbol 11 is 10 + 1). Or in Roman numbers, number twenty-one epitomized be XXI (symbol number ten repeated then starts again from one as a marker 20 is 10 + 10 + 1)

Figures Egypt (3000-1600 BC)

In Egypt, since about 3000 years BC, discovered historical evidence says that one symbolized as a vertical line, while 10 represented by the symbol ^. The Egyptians write from right to left, so the number twenty-three is symbolized becomes ||| ^^. If you are difficult to interpret to 23, compared to the roman numeral XXIII. The roman numeral is basically the Egyptian system, adapted by the Romans and still be used after the first occurrence that is lebihdari 5000 years ago.

The scribe of Pharaoh (the treasure is very difficult to quantify) use a system for calculating large numbers. It is hard to use, but not diragukanlagi that they use. Read the written version of the great Egyptian figures as calculate the total value of coins gambling in Las Vegas. The people of ancient Egypt put big numbers on the right, and a small one on the left. So, for the purposes of demonstration, imagine 100,000 worth of coins A, B worth 10,000 coins, worth 1,000 coins C, D is worth 100 coins, coin worth 10 E, and F coins worth 1 with the values ​​of the numbers can represent numbers FEEEDDDDDDCCCCBBBAA Egypt 234 641. And the figures of such a big role in a document describing the treasures milikfiraun. Egyptian symbols for larger numbers such as 100000, is a symbol like a bird, tetapiangka smaller numbers denoted with straight and curved lines.

Figures Babylonians (1750 BC)

People Babylonia, using a system based on the number 60. This system is really difficult to use, because it logically should require 59 different symbols (the same as the decimal-based system currently has 10 different symbols to 9). In contrast, the figure below 60 is denoted by groups of ten.

Figures Babylonia Which led to its written form is unbelievably weird when compared to any compositional arithmetic. Babylonians through excellence in the fields of astronomy, based calculation system 60 they still exist today in 60 seconds in a minute, and the measurement of angle, 180 degrees on the number of triangles and 360-degree angle on one corner of the circle. And long after that, when the time could be measured accurately, the same system is also used in 60 minutes in 1 hour. Babylonians took a crucial step towards a more effective system of calculation. They introduced the concept of place value, which is the same number can have different values ​​depending on the location number on the order. To be clear, we take the example number 222. In these figures there are three numbers that have two different values, namely 200, 20 and 2. But this new concept and a very bold step for the Babylonians. For them, the calculation system based on 60, the place value system is more difficult to use. For those simple numbers such as 222 has a value of 7322 when calculated using base 10 system we use (2 X60 squared + 2 x 60 + 2) The place value system requires a sign meaning "empty", for times when the number of values ​​in a column is equal to a multiple of 60. From this early beginning 0. Although the numbers of zeros itself yet, and the number 0 does not have a numerical value of its own , Figures Mayans
Mayans, like the Aztecs, using a number system based 20.Seperti Babylonians, the Maya used the place value system, and of course, zero. They use three different sets of graphic notation to represent numbers: a) With the dots and dashes, b) With the anthropomorphic figure, and c) with the symbol
Figures Maya 

The above figures represent the numbers 0-10 for the Maya

Roman numeral 300 BC

Roman numerals using a number system based 5. Figures I and V in roman numerals inspired by the shape of the hand, which is a natural calculators. While the numbers X / emblem of 10, is a combination of two slashes symbolizing 5. Dan L, C, D, and F, which represents a sequence of 50, 100, 500, and 1000, is a modification of the symbol V and X

Sloping line represents the thumb, which later became the symbol X (10) is a combination of two slashes

Symbol L, C, D, and M is mmodifikasi of the symbol V and X To write numbers, the Romans used the system summation: V + I = VI (6) or C + X + X + I = CXXI (121), and systems reduction: IX (I before X = 9) or XCIV (Xsebelum C = 90, I before V = 4)

Zero, Decimal System, and the Hindu-Arabic digits (300 BC - present)

In the Babylonian and Mayan calculation system, the numbers written form still unbelievably complicated for efficient arithmetic calculations. In addition, the zero is not fully functional.

In order to fulfill its potential zero in mathematics, each number should have its own symbol or at least the basic figures on the basis of matter has its own symbol. It probably first appeared in India. The figures used currently experiencing gradual changes since the 3rd century BC.

The Indians use a small circle on the spot when the numbers do not have value, they named the small circle with sunya name, taken from the Sanskrit word which means "empty". The system is fully developed around 800 BC, when the system is also adapted in Baghdad. Arabs use the point as a symbol of "empty", and gave the name with the same meaning in Arabic, sifr.

About two centuries later Indian numerals into Europe the Arabic manuscripts, and known as the Hindu-Arabic numerals. And the Arabic numerals sifr changed to "zero" in modern European languages, or in Indonesian, "zero". But it still needs many abadlagi before all ten Hindu-Arabic numerals are gradually replacing roman numerals in Europe, inherited from the Roman Empire.

Experts Matemmatika Inventors Score

Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi

Who is he? He is the most decorated in the world of mathematics. His contribution is to introduce a zero in this world. He is a mathematician who settled in Qutrubulli (sebalah west of Baghdad), he is also an expert in geography, history and artists. His works in the field of mathematics forth in Kitabul Jama wat Tafriq and Hisab al-Jabar wal Muqabla. The zero is then brought to Europe by Leonardo Fibonacci in his Liber Abaci, and the more widely known at the time of the Renaissance with the characters, among others, Leonardo da Vinci and Rene Descartes. At first, the number zero is described as an empty space without forms in India called the sunya (empty, empty) .Up to now, zero meaning a very distinctive and allows a person to count.

 

Bibliography

Himura, Deddy (2012), "History and Inventors Score 0 (Zero)". (On line). Electronic resources accessible from https://iptekdanlegendadunia.blogspot.com/2012/12/sejarah-dan-penemu-angka-0-nol.html. Accessed 18 September 2015.

Setiawan, Onar (2013), "History of Numbers in the World". (On line). Accessible from electronic sources https://www.kompasiana.com/menircybergal/sejarah-perkembangan-angka-di-dunia_5530247b6ea834dc358b4578. Accessed 18 September 2015

Islamic, Logic (2014), "Inventor of Zero Score: Muhammad ibn Musa Al Khwarizmi". (On line). Electronic resources accessible from https://islamislogic.wordpress.com/2014/08/26/penemu-angka-nol-muhammad-bin-musa-al-khawarizmi/.

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