René Descartes (IPA: ʀəne dekaʀt; born in La Haye, France, March 31, 1596 - died in Stockholm, Sweden, February 11, 1650 at the age of 53 years), also known as Renatus Cartesian in the literature in Latin, is a French philosopher and mathematician , His most important work is Discours de la methode (1637) and Meditationes de prima Philosophia (1641).
Rene Descartes is often called the father of modern philosophy. Rene Descartes was born in La Haye-Touraine France from a bourgeois family. Descartes's father is the chairman of the British Parliament and the landless are quite spacious (bourgeois). When Descartes father to inherit his father, he sold the estate, and invested the money with an income of six or seven thousand francs per year. He attended the Jesuit University in La Fleche from the year 1604-1612, which seems to have given the fundamentals of modern mathematics. In 1612 he went to Paris, but the social life there he considered boring, and then he retreated to a secluded area in France to pursue the geometry, the name of the remote area Faubourg. His friends found him at a retreat which he lived, then to better conceal himself, he decided to enroll into the Dutch army (1617). When the Dutch in a state of peace, he seemed to enjoy his meditation without interruption for two years. However, the outbreak of the Thirty Years War prompted him to enroll in the army Bavaria (1619). In Bavaria it is during the winter season 1619-1690, he gained experience that poured into the book Discours de la Methode (Russell, 2007: 733). Descartes, sometimes called "Inventor of Modern Philosophy" and "Father of Modern Mathematics", is one of the most important and influential thinkers in modern western history. He inspired generations of contemporary philosophers and thereafter, bringing them to form what we now know as continental rationalism, a philosophical position in 17th century Europe and 18.
Their thinking is making a philosophical revolution in Europe because his opinions revolutionary that everything is nothing is certain, except for the fact that someone could think.
In Latin this sentence is: cogito ergo sum, while in French is: Je pense donc je suis. Both means are:
"I think therefore I exist". (Ing: I think, therefore I am)
Although best known for works of philosophy, he also has been famous as the creator of a Cartesian coordinate system, which affects the development of modern calculus.
He also wrote the book around 1629 titled Rules for the Direction of the Mind which gives outlines methods. But this book is not complete and it seems he has no intention of publishing it. Published for the first time in more than fifty years after Descartes died. From 1630 until 1634, Descartes used his method of scientific research. To learn more about anatomy and physiology, she conducted exploratory separately. He wrestled in fields which stand alone as optics, meteorology, mathematics, and various other branches of science.
There are at least five ideas that Descartes had an important influence on the mind of Europe: (a) a mechanical view of the universe; (B) a positive attitude towards the scientific exploration; (C) pressures, placed on the use of mathematics in science; (D) defense of the basic initial skepticism; and (e) penitikpusatan attention to epistemology.Source
